Astronomy Picture of the Day

                         Astronomy Picture of the Day

    Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
 fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
                           professional astronomer.

                               2019 February 26
                  Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms
Video Credit: IllustrisTNG Project [2] ; Visualization: Dylan Nelson [3] ( Max
                Planck Institute for Astrophysics [4] ) et al.
   Music: Symphony No. 5 [5] ( Ludwig van Beethoven [6] ), via YouTube Audio
                                  Library [7]

Explanation: How do clusters of galaxies form? Since our universe moves too
slowly to watch, faster-moving computer simulations are created to help find
out. A recent effort is TNG50 [8]  from IllustrisTNG [9] , an upgrade of the
famous Illustris Simulation [10] . The first part of the featured video [11]
tracks cosmic gas (mostly hydrogen [12] ) as it evolves into galaxies [13]
and galaxy clusters [14] from the early universe to today, with brighter
colors marking faster moving gas. As the universe matures, gas falls into
gravitational wells [15] , galaxies forms, galaxies spin, galaxies collide and
merge, all while black holes form in galaxy centers [16] and expel surrounding
gas at high speeds. The second half of the video [17]  switches to tracking
stars, showing a galaxy cluster coming together complete with tidal tail [18]
s and stellar streams [19] . The outflow from black holes in TNG50 [20]  is
surprisingly complex [21]  and details are being compared with our real
universe [22] . Studying how [23]  gas coalesced in the early universe [24]
helps humanity better understand how our Earth [25] , Sun [26] , and Solar
System [27] originally formed.

                    Tomorrow's picture: horse-belt orange

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    Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [39] (MTU [40] ) & Jerry Bonnell [41]
                                  (UMCP [42] )
          NASA Official:  Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [43] .
              NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [44]
              A service of: ASD [45]  at NASA [46]  / GSFC [47]
                           & Michigan Tech. U. [48]
----------
Site notes:
  [1] archivepix.html
  [2] http://www.tng-project.org/people/
  [3] https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~dnelson/
  [4] https://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/
  [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._5_...
  [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beet...
  [7] https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music
  [8] http://www.tng-project.org/about/
  [9] http://www.tng-project.org/
  [10] http://www.illustris-project.org/
  [11] http://www.tng-project.org/media/
  [12] https://periodic.lanl.gov/1.shtml
  [13] ap181009.html
  [14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_cluster
  [15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_well
  [16] ap991017.html
  [17] http://www.tng-project.org/media/
  [18] ap100926.html
  [19] ap140117.html
  [20] https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05553
  [21] http://playworkschicago.com/wp-content/upload...
  [22] ap180305.html
  [23] https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05554
  [24] https://jwst.nasa.gov/firstlight.html
  [25] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/in...
  [26] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun...
  [27] https://www.solarsystemscope.com/
  [28] ap190225.html
  [29] archivepix.html
  [30] lib/apsubmit2015.html
  [31] lib/aptree.html
  [32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apo...
  [33] calendar/allyears.html
  [34] /apod.rss
  [35] lib/edlinks.html
  [36] lib/about_apod.html
  [37] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?dat...
  [38] ap190227.html
  [39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  [40] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  [41] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnel...
  [42] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  [43] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  [44] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Priv...
  [45] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  [46] https://www.nasa.gov/
  [47] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  [48] http://www.mtu.edu/

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